MultiversX是什么？
A Layer 1 blockchain designed for throughput, fast confirmation and low fees.
从Elrond到MultiversX
Elrond 由 Beniamin Mincu、Lucian Mincu 和 Lucian Todea 于 2017 年创立。其主网于 2020 年 7 月上线。2022 年 11 月，该项目更名为 MultiversX，这一名称旨在涵盖基础链之外的更多领域：去中心化金融（DeFi）、数字身份以及通过 xPortal 应用进行的消费者支付。.
自适应状态分片
Per its documentation, MultiversX combines three types of sharding at once: state sharding, network sharding and transaction sharding. The network is split into parallel shards that each process their own transactions, and the number of shards can be adjusted as demand changes. The aim is capacity that grows with each shard added, without weakening security (see Sources).
MultiversX 的工作原理
如 MultiversX 文档所述，该架构的三个构建模块。.
状态分片
The blockchain state (account balances and smart contract storage) is split across shards. Each shard stores only its part of the global state. This lowers the storage a node needs and lets transactions in different shards be processed at the same time.
网络分片
Nodes are grouped by shard, which keeps communication local. A separate chain called the metachain notarises shard blocks and coordinates cross-shard operations. At the end of each epoch (about 24 hours) a share of the nodes is reshuffled between shards, which makes it harder for a group of nodes to collude.
SPoS 共识
Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) picks the consensus group for each block using a random seed derived from the previous block's signature. The signatures use the BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) scheme, which lets many validators sign together. Because the seed cannot be known in advance, the selection is hard to predict or manipulate, and it is computed quickly at the start of each round.
核心特点
来自 MultiversX 文档的关键数据。实时网络数据可在浏览器中查看（见来源）。.
Design capacity per the docs; grows as shards are added
Same-shard transfers settle in one round; cross-shard takes a few more
费用以 EGLD gas 单位固定；美元价值随 EGLD 价格波动
Target set in the docs, across 3 shards plus the metachain; live count on the explorer
EGLD 代币
The native token of the MultiversX network. Figures below come from the economics documentation (see Sources).
代币经济学
- 最大供应量：31,415,926 EGLD
一个硬性上限，其数字与常数 pi 相对应。新的 EGLD 会持续发行直至达到该上限，因此供应量是有限的，而非通缩的。.
- 发行量在 10 年内递减
Per the economics documentation, the yearly issuance rate falls step by step over the first ten years, and fees collected in an epoch reduce the amount of new EGLD minted for that epoch.
- 30% of contract gas fees go to developers
Per the docs, 30% of the gas fees paid on smart contract calls are credited to the contract owner, which rewards teams that build on the network.
质押奖励
奖励率随质押的 EGLD 总量和发行计划而变化。每个质押提供商的实时利率显示在 xPortal 和浏览器中（见来源）。.
- 最小委托额：1 EGLD
- 10 天解锁期
- 验证者需要 2,500 EGLD 质押
- Rewards distributed every epoch (about 24 hours)
MultiversX 生态系统
Four of the main applications built on MultiversX. Check each project's own site for current features and terms.
xExchange
MultiversX 上的主要去中心化交易所 (DEX)。交换代币、提供流动性和获取农场奖励，并具有一个 "能量" 系统，可为锁定交易所代币的用户提升奖励。.
xPortal
The official MultiversX mobile wallet. It manages EGLD and ESDT tokens (the MultiversX token standard), supports staking and swaps, and offers a crypto payment card in supported regions.
Hatom
A lending and borrowing protocol on MultiversX. It offers liquid staking through sEGLD, a stablecoin called USH, and lending pools where depositors earn interest from borrowers.
AshSwap
专为跟踪相同价值的资产之间低滑点交易而构建的稳定币兑换 DEX。它使用 Curve 风格的池和投票托管（ve）代币经济模型进行治理和奖励提升。.
如何质押 EGLD
使用 xPortal 应用逐步操作。机制依据 MultiversX 文档（见来源）。.
下载 xPortal
Install the xPortal app from the App Store or Google Play. It is the official MultiversX wallet and supports EGLD and ESDT tokens.
创建或导入钱包
Set up a new wallet and store your 24-word recovery phrase offline. If you already have a MultiversX wallet, import it with your recovery phrase or keystore file.
获取 EGLD
在 xPortal 中通过其应用内购买合作伙伴购买 EGLD（如可用），或在支持 EGLD 的中心化交易所购买并提现至您的 xPortal 地址。.
前往质押
Open the staking section in xPortal. You will see a list of staking providers with their current reward rate, service fee, remaining delegation capacity and node count.
委托您的 EGLD
Choose a provider with a good uptime record and a service fee you accept; each provider sets its own fee and shows it before you delegate. Enter the amount (minimum 1 EGLD) and confirm. Rewards are added every epoch and can be claimed or restaked. If you undelegate, your EGLD is returned after a 10-day unbonding period.
MultiversX 与 Solana 与 Avalanche
How the designs differ. Performance figures change with upgrades, so we describe each network and point to its documentation rather than quoting numbers that go stale (see Sources).
| 功能 | MultiversX | Solana | Avalanche |
|---|---|---|---|
| 共识 | 安全 PoS（SPoS） | 历史证明 + PoS | Snowman 共识 |
| 吞吐量 | 15,000 TPS design target (docs), grows with shards | High, single state with parallel execution (see docs) | Per chain, many chains in parallel (see docs) |
| 区块时间和最终性 | 6 秒轮次；跨分片需要几轮 | Sub-second slots; finality after supermajority votes | 数秒或更短；设计上无区块重组 |
| Transfer fee | Fraction of a cent, fixed in gas units | 不到一美分，另加可选的优先费 | Cents, dynamic with demand |
| 架构 | 分片的 | 单体的 | Primary network plus custom chains (formerly subnets) |
| 智能合约虚拟机 | WASM | SVM（Sealevel） | EVM on the C-Chain; custom VMs on other chains |
| 质押奖励 | 可变；在区块浏览器上查看实时利率 | Variable; inflation schedule in docs | Variable; depends on chosen staking term |
| Minimum to delegate | 1 EGLD | No protocol minimum | 由协议设定；见文档 |
MultiversX 上的智能合约
根据文档，合约编译为 WebAssembly (WASM)，推荐使用 Rust 语言。.
WASM 虚拟机
MultiversX 在 WebAssembly (WASM) 虚拟机上运行智能合约。WASM 是一种 W3C 标准字节码格式，旨在以接近原生速度运行，并且受到所有主流网页浏览器的支持，这为开发者提供了成熟的工具链来构建应用。.
Rust Framework
Developers write contracts in Rust using the MultiversX framework (mx-sdk-rs), which provides macros, a testing environment and debugging tools. Rust's memory safety rules remove a class of bugs at compile time, although they do not replace audits.
可组合性
不同分片上的合约可以通过异步跨分片调用相互调用，因此 DeFi 应用可以在整个网络上组合。元链对结果进行公证，回调让合约在另一个分片处理完调用后处理结果。.
常见问题
什么是 MultiversX（前称 Elrond）？
EGLD 的用途是什么？
MultiversX 的分片是如何工作的？
MultiversX 比 Solana 更好吗？
我该如何质押 EGLD？
来源与延伸阅读
本页面中的数字和声明均基于以下文档。具有时效性的数字（利率、收益率、费用、市场数据）会变动：在据此行动之前，请在来源处核实实时数值。.
- MultiversX documentationdocs.multiversx.com
Official reference for the protocol, wallets, staking and smart contracts.
- MultiversX documentation, Adaptive State Shardingdocs.multiversx.com
How state, network and transaction sharding are combined, and the role of the metachain.
- MultiversX 文档，安全权益证明docs.multiversx.com
Validator selection, BLS multi-signatures and node reshuffling between shards.
- MultiversX documentation, WASM VMdocs.multiversx.com
The WebAssembly virtual machine and supported smart contract languages.
- MultiversX Explorerexplorer.multiversx.com
Live validator count, staked EGLD, staking providers and their current reward rates.
最后审核：2026年9月。外部链接在新标签页中打开；Coinstancy 对其内容不承担责任。.