主页学院指南如何跨链桥接加密资产

如何桥接加密货币在链之间

Move tokens from one blockchain to another without an exchange. This guide explains how bridges work, which bridge to use for which route, what it costs, and how to avoid the common mistakes.

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阅读约 11 分钟 2026 年 9 月更新 DeFi

本指南中

01 What is a Crypto Bridge? 02 How Bridges Work 03 Popular Bridges 04 How to Bridge (Step-by-Step) 05 Bridge Safety 06 Fees & Speed Comparison 07 Common Issues 08 FAQ 09 Sources

什么是加密桥？

A crypto bridge is a protocol that moves tokens from one blockchain to another. Blockchains such as Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base and Polygon are separate networks, each with its own state and transaction history. They cannot read each other's data. Bridging is the mechanism that carries value across that gap.

Without bridges, moving assets between chains would mean selling on one chain, going through an exchange, and buying again on the other. A bridge lets you transfer tokens straight from your wallet, usually in a single transaction that completes in minutes.

Bridges matter because activity is spread across many chains. Layer 2 rollups such as Arbitrum and Base charge lower gas fees than Layer 1 Ethereum, but your assets have to get there first. Whether you want cheaper DeFi, a Layer 2 exchange, or to gather tokens scattered across chains, a bridge is the tool for the job. Ethereum.org keeps an overview of bridge designs and their trade-offs (see Sources).

跨链转移

Move ETH, USDC and other tokens between Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and Polygon, usually in minutes.

获取更低费用

Bridge to Layer 2 chains, where a transaction costs a fraction of the same transaction on Ethereum mainnet. Learn about gas fees.

非托管

Bridge directly from your wallet. No exchange account is needed, and you keep control of your keys throughout.

加密桥接工作原理

All bridges solve the same problem: blockchains cannot read each other's state. Each bridge uses a different method to verify that a deposit happened on the source chain before releasing tokens on the destination chain. Knowing the method tells you what you are trusting.

锁定 & 铸造

The most common design. You deposit (lock) tokens in a smart contract on the source chain. The bridge verifies the deposit and mints the same amount of wrapped tokens on the destination chain. The wrapped tokens are a claim on the locked originals.

For example, when you send ETH from Ethereum to Arbitrum through the canonical Arbitrum bridge, your ETH is held in the Arbitrum bridge contract on Ethereum and the same amount of ETH is credited to your address on Arbitrum. Bridging back reverses the process: the ETH leaves Arbitrum and the original ETH is released on Ethereum (see the Arbitrum docs in Sources).

销毁 & 释放

The reverse of lock and mint. Wrapped tokens on the destination chain are burned (destroyed), and the originals are released from the lock contract on the source chain. This is how withdrawals from a Layer 2 rollup back to Ethereum work.

Canonical bridges of optimistic rollups (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base) hold withdrawals for a challenge period of about seven days. During that window anyone can submit a fraud proof if the withdrawal is invalid. The delay is a security feature: it ensures that only valid withdrawals are released. The exact window is set by each rollup and published in its docs (see Sources).

流动性池桥

Instead of locking and minting, some bridges keep liquidity pools on several chains. When you deposit tokens on chain A, you receive tokens from the pool on chain B. This is much faster than lock and mint because the user does not wait for the slow canonical path.

Stargate and Across both rely on liquidity provided by third parties, who earn fees from transfers. The trade-off is that these bridges depend on enough liquidity being available on the destination chain: a large transfer can face a worse quote or a wait until liquidity is replenished.

消息协议

Cross-chain messaging protocols such as LayerZero and Wormhole provide a general communication layer between blockchains. Beyond moving tokens, they can carry arbitrary data and instructions across chains. Bridges built on them use the messaging layer to verify deposits and trigger releases.

LayerZero uses decentralized verifier networks (DVNs) to validate messages. Wormhole relies on a set of guardian nodes that sign attestations of on-chain events. The security of any bridge built on these layers depends on the verifiers or guardians behaving honestly.

如何桥接加密货币（分步指南）

The process is similar on most bridges. Here is a walkthrough of a typical bridge interface, using ETH from Ethereum to Arbitrum as the example. Button labels change over time, so follow the meaning of each step rather than the exact wording.

连接您的钱包

Open the bridge website from a link in the project's official documentation (for the Arbitrum bridge, the Arbitrum docs) and connect your wallet. MetaMask, Rabby, Coinbase Wallet and WalletConnect work with most bridges. Make sure the wallet is on the source chain, the chain you are sending from.

选择源链和目标链

Choose the chain you are sending from and the chain you are sending to. For our example, select Ethereum as the source and Arbitrum One as the destination. Third-party bridges such as Across or Stargate let you pick from many chain pairs.

选择代币和金额

Choose the token (ETH, USDC and so on) and enter the amount. The bridge shows the estimated amount you will receive, the fees, and the expected time. Keep enough ETH on the source chain to pay the gas fee for the bridge transaction.

批准代币（仅限 ERC-20）

If you are bridging an ERC-20 token such as USDC (not native ETH), you first approve the bridge contract to move your tokens. This is a separate on-chain transaction, once per token per bridge. Your wallet asks you to confirm it and lets you set an exact amount instead of an unlimited approval. Prefer the exact amount.

确认桥接交易

Start the transfer and confirm it in your wallet. This sends your tokens to the bridge contract on the source chain and costs a gas fee. Before you confirm, check the destination chain, the token, the amount and the receiving address.

等待确认

After the transaction confirms on the source chain, wait for the bridge to process it. Canonical rollup bridges take around 10 to 15 minutes for deposits. Third-party bridges such as Across usually finish within minutes. The bridge interface shows the status. Once it is done, switch your wallet to the destination network to see the tokens.

桥接安全：保护您的资产

Bridges are among the most attacked pieces of crypto infrastructure because they hold large pools of locked value. The two largest incidents on record are the Ronin bridge exploit of March 2022 (about $625 million) and the Wormhole exploit of February 2022 (about $325 million). Chainalysis publishes yearly figures on funds stolen from bridges and other protocols (see Sources). The habits below reduce your exposure.

验证网址

Open bridge websites from a bookmark or from a link in the project's official documentation. Phishing sites copy popular bridge interfaces closely. Check the domain before you connect your wallet. Each project's docs list its official bridge address (see Sources).

先进行小额测试

Before bridging a large amount, send a small test transfer first and confirm the tokens arrive on the destination chain. It costs an extra gas fee, but it catches a wrong network, a wrong address or a broken interface before real money is at stake.

首选官方桥梁

For large transfers, use the canonical rollup bridge (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base) whenever the wait is acceptable. These bridges settle on Ethereum. Third-party bridges are faster but add trust assumptions and their own smart contract risk.

检查合约地址

Before approving a token spend, compare the smart contract address with the one in the bridge's official documentation. A malicious contract can drain your wallet. Use a block explorer such as Etherscan or Arbiscan to check the contract is verified and matches.

桥接费用 & 速度比较

Bridge costs and transfer times depend on the bridge type, the direction of transfer and network congestion. The table below summarises the main routes. Timing and fees are indicative and come from each project's documentation (see Sources); the bridge interface always shows the live quote. Understanding gas fees helps you estimate the total cost.

桥接	存款时间	提款时间	协议费用	安全模型
Arbitrum 桥	About 10 to 15 min	About 7 days	仅燃气费	以太坊 L1
Base 桥	About 10 to 15 min	About 7 days	仅燃气费	以太坊 L1
Optimism 桥	About 10 to 15 min	About 7 days	仅燃气费	以太坊 L1
Polygon PoS Bridge	Tens of minutes	Up to a few hours	仅燃气费	PoS 验证者
Across 协议	Minutes	Minutes	Quoted per transfer	UMA 乐观预言机
星门金融	Minutes	Minutes	Quoted per transfer	LayerZero DVNs

Note: gas costs move with network congestion. A deposit from Ethereum mainnet costs mainnet gas, which is the largest part of the bill; a Layer 2 transaction costs far less. Check a live gas tracker before you bridge. Third-party protocol fees are charged on top of gas. Weigh the total cost against the yield you expect on the destination chain before moving small amounts.

常见桥接问题 & 修复

Bridging usually goes smoothly, but things can go wrong. Here are the most common issues and how to fix them.

交易卡住（代币未到账）

The most common issue. Your transaction confirmed on the source chain, but no tokens have appeared on the destination chain. Causes include congestion on the destination chain, a bridge processing delay, or a paused sequencer or relayer.

Fix: check the bridge's status page or its transaction history view, where pending transfers are listed. For canonical rollup bridges, allow the full deposit time (around 10 to 15 minutes). If the transaction is confirmed on the source chain, your funds are safe. If nothing has arrived after an hour, contact the bridge's support through the channel listed in its official docs.

网络选择错误

You bridged to the wrong destination chain (for example, Optimism instead of Arbitrum). This is not fatal: you still have your tokens. You will need to bridge again from that chain to the right one, which costs another fee.

Fix: switch your wallet to the chain you landed on, confirm the tokens arrived, then bridge them to the right chain. A third-party bridge such as Across handles Layer 2 to Layer 2 routes without passing through Ethereum. To prevent it, re-read the destination chain before you confirm.

目标链燃料不足

Your tokens arrived, but you cannot do anything with them because you have none of the native gas token (ETH on Arbitrum and Base, POL on Polygon) to pay for transactions.

Fix: some bridges offer a gas-on-destination option that delivers a small amount of the native token with your transfer. If you skipped it, withdraw a small amount of the gas token from a centralized exchange directly to your address on the destination chain. Some wallets, such as Rabby, also offer a cross-chain gas top-up.

已撤销的桥接交易

The bridge transaction reverted on the source chain, which means it failed before your tokens moved. You lose only the gas fee, not the tokens. Common causes: an approval that is too small, a quote that moved beyond your slippage tolerance (on liquidity pool bridges), or a paused bridge contract.

Fix: read the revert reason on a block explorer. If the approval was too small, approve the token again for the right amount. If slippage caused it, try a smaller amount or wait for liquidity to recover. If the contract is paused, wait for the team's announcement or use another bridge.

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常见问题

桥接加密货币安全吗？

Bridging carries risk because bridges hold or lock large amounts of value and rely on smart contracts that can be exploited. Canonical bridges run by the rollup itself (such as the Arbitrum bridge or the OP Stack bridge used by Optimism and Base) are generally the safest option because they settle on Ethereum. Third-party bridges trade some security for speed and convenience. To reduce risk, verify URLs, start with a small test transaction, and stick to well-known bridges with published audits.

桥接需要多长时间？

It depends on the bridge and direction. Deposits from Ethereum to a Layer 2 such as Arbitrum or Base usually take around 10 to 15 minutes, the time needed for the Ethereum transaction to finalize. Withdrawals back to Ethereum through the canonical bridge wait for a challenge period of about seven days on optimistic rollups. Third-party bridges such as Across or Stargate usually complete in minutes in either direction, because they use liquidity on the destination chain instead of the canonical withdrawal path.

最便宜的桥是什么？

Canonical rollup bridges (Arbitrum, Optimism, Base) charge no protocol fee, only gas, which makes them the cheapest option for deposits. Third-party bridges such as Across and Stargate add a fee that is quoted in their interface before you confirm and that changes with liquidity and demand. Compare quotes from two or three bridges before moving a large amount, and include the gas on both chains in your comparison.

我可以在任意两条链之间桥接任何代币吗？

Not always. Each bridge supports a specific set of tokens and chain pairs. Canonical rollup bridges move ETH and most ERC-20 tokens, but only between Ethereum and that one Layer 2. Third-party bridges such as Stargate and Across support widely used tokens (ETH, USDC, USDT, WBTC) across several chains, but smaller tokens may not be listed. If your token is not supported, bridge a major token such as ETH or USDC and swap it on the destination chain with a decentralized exchange (DEX).

如果我的桥接交易卡住会怎样？

First, check the bridge interface or a block explorer for the transaction status. A transfer can look stuck when the destination chain is congested or the bridge is delayed. Most bridges have a status page or support channel. If the transaction is confirmed on the source chain but nothing has arrived, wait at least 30 minutes before troubleshooting. With a canonical bridge, the tokens are safe and arrive once the rollup processes the message. If a third-party bridge cannot complete a transfer, most protocols refund the tokens to your source wallet; the exact rules are in the documentation of each bridge.

在跨链桥接时，我需要在两个链上都消耗 gas 吗？

Yes. You need the gas token of the source chain (usually ETH) to pay for the bridge transaction. You also need a small amount of the gas token of the destination chain to do anything with your tokens once they arrive. Some bridges offer a gas-on-destination option that delivers a small amount of the native token together with your transfer. If you arrive on a chain with no gas, you can withdraw a small amount of the gas token from a centralized exchange directly to that chain.

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探索更多关于 DeFi 基础和加密概念的指南。.

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来源与延伸阅读

本页面中的数字和声明均基于以下文档。具有时效性的数字（利率、收益率、费用、市场数据）会变动：在据此行动之前，请在来源处核实实时数值。.

Ethereum.org, Blockchain bridgesethereum.org
What a bridge is, the main bridge designs (lock and mint, liquidity networks, messaging) and the trust assumptions behind each.
Ethereum.org，Layer 2ethereum.org
How rollups work, why fees are lower on Layer 2 and why withdrawals from optimistic rollups wait for a challenge period.
Arbitrum documentationdocs.arbitrum.io
The canonical Arbitrum bridge, deposit timing and the roughly one-week challenge period for withdrawals to Ethereum.
Optimism documentationdocs.optimism.io
The OP Stack standard bridge used by Optimism and Base, and the fault-proof window for withdrawals.
Base documentationdocs.base.org
Bridging to and from Base, and the bridge front ends Base points users to.
Polygon documentationdocs.polygon.technology
The Polygon PoS bridge, its checkpoint mechanism and typical deposit and withdrawal times.
Across Protocol documentationdocs.across.to
Intent-based bridging, relayers, the UMA optimistic oracle and how Across fees are quoted.
Stargate documentationdocs.stargate.finance
Liquidity pool bridging on top of LayerZero, supported chains and fee parameters.
LayerZero documentationdocs.layerzero.network
Cross-chain messaging and the decentralized verifier network (DVN) model.
Chainalysis, Crypto Crime Reportchainalysis.com
Yearly figures on funds stolen in hacks, including the Ronin (March 2022) and Wormhole (February 2022) bridge exploits.

最后审核：2026年9月。外部链接在新标签页中打开；Coinstancy 对其内容不承担责任。.

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如何 桥接加密货币 在链之间